Literature allows us to explore human experiences, emotions, and ideas through storytelling. When analyzing literature, look at several key elements.

Characterization is how an author reveals a character — through their actions, words, thoughts, appearance, and what others say about them. Dynamic characters change over the course of the story, while static characters remain the same.

Conflict drives the plot forward. Internal conflict occurs within a character (a difficult decision). External conflict occurs between a character and an outside force (nature, society, another character).

Theme is the deeper message the author wants to convey. It is not a topic (like "love") but a statement about that topic (like "true love requires sacrifice"). To identify theme, look at what characters learn and how conflicts resolve.

Literary devices like metaphor, simile, symbolism, and foreshadowing add layers of meaning. Recognizing these enriches your understanding of the text.