The United States is a constitutional republic — a form of democracy where citizens elect representatives to make laws, guided by the Constitution.

The Constitution divides government into three branches to prevent any one group from having too much power (separation of powers). The legislative branch (Congress) writes laws. The executive branch (President) enforces laws. The judicial branch (courts) interprets laws. Each branch can limit the others through checks and balances.

The Bill of Rights protects individual freedoms: freedom of speech, religion, press, assembly, and petition (1st Amendment); the right to bear arms (2nd); protection from unreasonable searches (4th); the right to a fair trial (6th); and protection against cruel punishment (8th).

Citizens participate in democracy by voting, serving on juries, paying taxes, staying informed, and engaging in civic life.