[{"title": "Identifying Theme", "content": "In a story where a shy student finds courage to speak up against bullying, the theme might be: \"Standing up for what is right requires courage, but it inspires others to do the same.\"", "solution": "Theme = a message about life, not just a topic word."}, {"title": "Analyzing Characterization", "content": "The author writes: \"Jake straightened his shoulders, took a deep breath, and walked into the room full of strangers.\" This shows Jake is nervous but determined — revealed through his actions.", "solution": "Indirect characterization through actions."}]